Showing 31 results for Particles
Akhlaghi F., Zahedi H., Sharifi M.,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2004)
Abstract
In this study different volume fractions of SiC particles of various sizes were introduced into the semisolid A356 aluminum alloy by a mechanical stirrer. Then the slurry was poured into a permanent die of certain dimensions either when the metal alloy was partially solid (semisolid-semisolid or SS route) or after reheating to above the liquidus temperature of the alloy (semisolid-liquid or SL route). Both the SS and SL composite samples were solution-treated at 520°C for 8 hours followed by quenching in water at room temperature. Microstructural characterization studies have been conducted on both the SL and SS samples to quantify the effects of the size andcontent of the SiC particles as well as the solutionizing treatment on the morphology and size ofthe eutectic silicon particles and the matrix grain (globule) size. The results were rationalized in terms of the different nucleation, fragmentation, spherodization and coarsening events, which had taken place during the processing of these composites. Finally the impact of these microstructural features in improving the wear properties of the composites has been discussed.
Mir Habibi A.r., Rabiei M., Agha Baba Zadeh R., Moztar Zadeh F., Hesaraki S.,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (9-2004)
Abstract
ZnS : Cu phosphors were prepared by using laboratory grade chemicals through coprecipitating Cu along with ZnS using H2S and thiourea. Photo- and electroluminescence studies indicate that these phosphors have better emission characteristics compared to the phosphors in which activator is externally added. Phosphors with luminescence at ~530nrn were prepared. The difference between the characteristic properties of the samples seems to be due to formation of nanoparticles during the preparation of the samples by different methods.
Nouroozi S., Vardelle A.,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2005)
Abstract
In wire arc spraying, the atomizing air pressure and applied nozzle system are important factors influencing particles characteristics and coating quality. The aim of this paper is to study how the characteristics of particles such as size, velocity and temperature are influenced by the operating conditions in wire arc spray. For that, three types of wires are tested: solid wire of stainless steel 316L, cored wires 97MXC and 98MXC. Arc spray gun is an Arc Jet 9000 manufactured by TAFA. For each condition, the particles temperature and particles velocity are measured using an imaging CCD camera, Spray Watch (Oseir Ltd). Particles size distributions are determined with a laser grain meter. The morphology and composition of particles were evaluated with SEM, EDX and X-Ray diffraction. Results induce important modifications in the particles size distributions and particles velocity. A small diameter nozzle and high atomizing air pressure resulted in a reduction in particles size distributions and an increase in particles velocity.
M. Divandari,, H. Arabi, H. Ghasemi Mianaei,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2008)
Abstract
Abstract: Thermal fatigue is a stochastic process often showing considerable scatter even in
controlled environments. Due to complexity of thermal fatigue, there is no a complete analytical
solution for predicting the effect of this property on the life of various components, subjected to
severe thermal fluctuations. Among these components, one can mention car cylinder, cylinder head
and piston which bear damages due to thermal fatigue. All these components are usually produced
by casting techniques. In order to comprehend and compare the thermal fatigue resistance of cast
Al alloys 356 and 413, this research was designed and performed. For this purpose, several
samples in the form of disc were cast from the two alloys in sand mould. The microstructures of the
cast samples were studied by light microscopy in order to choose the samples with the least
amounts of defects for thermal fatigue tests. The results of thermal fatigue tests showed that the
nucleation of microcracks in Al-356 alloy occurred at shorter time relative to those occurred in Al-
413 alloy under the same test conditions. In addition, the density of micro-cracks in Al-356 alloy
was more than that of Al-413 alloy. The results of fractography on 356 alloy indicated that the
cracks were generally nucleated from inter-dendritic shrinkage porosities and occasionally from
the interface of silicon particles with the matrix. The growth of these micro cracks was along the
dendrite arms. Fractography of 413 alloy fracture surfaces showed that nucleation of microcracks
was often associated with silicon particles.
M. Pirhadi Tavandashti, M. Zandrahimi, B. Akbari,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2009)
Abstract
Abstract: Nanoparticles exhibit a high reactivity and strong tendency towards agglomeration. In this study, aluminum
oxide (alumina) nanoparticles were characterized by gas adsorption (BET), transmition electron microscopy (TEM)
and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) techniques to assess the agglomeration of the particles. There is a good
correlation between the BET and TEM measurements but PCS was larger in the mean and median size and with a
degree of agglomerates being detected. Some agglomeration was evident, but most of the particles existed as discrete
objects as observed in the (HR) TEM images which were in good agreement with the agglomeration factor.
M. Goodarzi, S. M. A. Boutorabi, M. A. Safarkhanian,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2009)
Abstract
Abstract:In this study, an effort has been made to determine the influence of rotational speed of tool on themicrostructure and hardness values of friction stir welded 2024-T851 aluminum alloy. The microstructure of stir zonein the joints has been investigated. It was found that the particles such as Al6(CuFeMn) particles are broken up duringfriction stir welding, and the degree of break up of these particles in the stir zone increases with increasing rotationalspeed. Since the break up of these particles and the recrystallization of new grains happen simultaneously, the brokenparticles would be placed in the grain boundaries. Moreover, the hardness value in the stir zone increases withincreasing rotational speed
M. Banoee,z. Ehsanfar, N. Mokhtari,m. R. Khoshayand, A. Akhavan Sepahi, P. Jafari Fesharaki,h. R. Monsef-Esfahani,, A. R. Shahverdi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
Abstracts:
nanoparticles. All the extracts were used separately for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles through the reduction of
aqueous AuCl
gold ions to gold nanoparticles. The ethanol extract of black tea and its tannin free ethanol extract produced gold
nanoparticles in the size ranges of 2.5-27.5 nm and 1.25-17.5 nm with an average size of 10 nm and 3 nm, respectively.
The prepared colloid gold nanoparticles, using the ethanol extract of black tea, did not show the appropriate stability
during storage time (24 hours) at 4
showed no particle aggregation during short and long storage times at the same conditions. To the best of our
knowledge, this is the first report on the rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles using ethanol extract of black tea and
its tannin free fraction.
In this research the ethanol extract of black tea and its tannin free fraction used for green synthesis of gold4¯. Transmission electron microscopy and visible absorption spectroscopy confirmed the reduction ofoC. In contrast, gold colloids, which were synthesized by a tannin free fraction
B. Akbari, M. Pirhadi Tavandashti, M. Zandrahimi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Abstract: Most properties of nanoparticles are size-dependent. In fact, the novel properties of nanoaprticles do not prevail until the size has been reduced to the nanometer scale. The particle size and size distribution of alumina nanoparticle, as a critical properties, have been determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), surface area analysis (BET) and x-ray diffraction peak broadening analysis. The particle size was found to be in the range of 5-95nm. Cumulative percentage frequency plot of the data extracted form TEM images indicates that particle size distribution obeys the log-normal function. The TEM images also reveal that particles are spherical in shape and loosely agglomerated. Comparing of the XRD and TEM results shows that the particles are single-crystal. The HRTEM images also verify that the particles have a single-crystal nature. In comparison, there is a good correlation between the BET, XRD and TEM measurements other than PCS that is sensitive to the presence of the agglomerates.
Y. Safaei-Naeini, M. Aminzare, F. Golestani-Fard, F. Khorasanizadeh, E. Salahi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy was used, in the current investigation, to explore the dispersion and stability of titania nanoparticles in an aqueous media with different types of dispersants. Hydrochloric and nitric acids as well as ammonia were used to determine the stability of the suspension in the acidic region (pH=2.5) and basic area (pH=9.5), respectively. In addition, for measuring sustainability of suspension and creating steric, and electrosteric repulsive forces, ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol plus ammonia were employed, respectively. UV–V is
spectrometry was applied to realize the effect of nano titania concentrations and different types of dispersants of samples containing different amounts of nano titania and different types of dispersants on stability of TiO2-containing suspensions. In addition, the stability of dispersion could be evaluated in colloidal mixtures containing ethylene glycol plus ammonia. It was demonstrated that the mixtures containing ethylene glycol plus ammonia were stable over a period of 4 days. To support the UV–Vis results, other techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to study the degree of agglomeration of titania nanoparticles in terms ofmorphology and size.
Simin Janitabar-Darzi, Alireza Mahjoub,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract
Yellow-colored nitrogen doped TiO2 photocatalyst and a pure TiO2 powder were synthesized via sol-gel method using TiCl4 and urea as raw materials. However, the synthesis procedure for nitrogen doped TiO2 was catalyzed by acid that dialed with controlled precipitation and slow nucleation. According to XRD analysis, the nitrogen doped TiO2 consisted of anatase phase of titania which was a significant achievement regarding its possible photocatalytic applications. The band gaps of nitrogen doped TiO2 and pure TiO2 were estimated from UV-Vis spectroscopy data to be 2.8 and 3.3 ev, respectively. Photocatalytic properties of the nitrogen doped TiO2 nanocatalyst and pure TiO2 were compared for degradation of crystal violet dye in visible light irradiation. In comparison to pure TiO2, nitrogen doped TiO2 showed superior photocatalytic efficiency towards the dye.
N. Bahremandi Tolou, M. H. Fathi, A. Monshi, V. S. Mortazavi,f. Shirani, M. Mohammadi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract:In recent years, there have been many attempts to improve the properties of dental amalgam. The aim of the present investigation was fabrication and characterization of dental amalgams containing TiO2 nanoparticles and evaluation of their compressive strength, antibacterial and corrosion behavior. In this experimental research, TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were added to reference amalgam alloy powder and then, dental amalgam was prepared. In order to investigate the effect of TiO2 NPs on properties of dental amalgam, 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 wt. % of TiO2 NPs were added to amalgam alloy powder and the prepared composite powder was triturated by a given percent of mercury. Xray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to characterize the prepared specimens. Potentiodynamic polarization corrosion tests were performed in the Normal Saline (0.9 wt. % NaCl) Solutions as electrolytes at 37°C. The results showed that the corrosion behavior of the dental amalgam with 0.5 or 1 wt. % TiO2 NPs is similar to the corrosion behavior of the reference amalgam, while with increasing the weight percent of TiO2 NPs, the corrosion rate increases. Also, the results of this investigation indicated that adding TiO2 NPs in amounts of up to 1 wt. % to amalgam alloy powder improve compressive strength of dental amalgam and has no destructive influence on its corrosion behavior. As well as, according to antibacterial results, TiO2 NPs can increase the biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of dental amalgam. The results of present study suggest that amalgam/ TiO2 NPs nanocomposite with 1% of TiO2 NPs could be regarded as a biocompatible and bioactive dental material that provide better characters for dental applications.
M. Kadkhodaee, H. Daneshmanesh, B. Hashemi, J. Moradgholi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Accumulative roll-bonding process (ARB) is an important severe plastic deformation technique for production of the ultrafine grained, nanostructured and nanocomposite materials in the form of plates and sheets. In the present work, this process used for manufacturing Al/SiO 2 nanocomposites by using Aluminum 1050 alloy sheets and nano sized SiO 2 particles, at ambient temperature. After 8 cycles of ARB process, the tribological properties and wear resistance of produced nanocomposites were investigated. The wear tests by abrasion were performed in a pinon-disc tribometer. Results show that by increasing ARB cycles and the amount of nano powders, the friction coefficient of produced nanocomposites decreases.
Z. Abadi, S. M. Bidoki, V. Mottaghitalab, A. Benvidi, A. Shams-Nateri,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are being given considerable attention because of their interesting properties and
potential applications. One such exploitable use is as the major constituent of conductive inks and pastes used for
printing various electronic components. This paper presents a novel direct-writing process for fabrication of the first
deposited silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (50-200nm) electrode via a thermal inkjet printer. In this method, AgNPs were
chemically deposited by ejection of ascorbic acid and silver nitrate solutions onto different substrates such as paper
and textile fabrics. Silver deposited patterns were used as electrodes in different electrochemical experiments and their
morphology was also investigated in SEM observations. The highest conductivity of deposited electrodes obtained on
paper as the substrate was found to be around 5.54x105 S/m. Inkjet fabricated electrodes exhibited acceptable
electrochemical behavior in experiments designed for measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide as a
fundamental procedure for early determination of glucose. This novel inkjet silver deposition technique is introduced
to be considered as a promising method for ultimate single step fabrication of different electrochemical bio-sensors.
M. S. Mahmoudi Jozee, S. Sanjabi, O. Mirzaee,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2016)
Abstract
A homogenous TiO2 / multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) composite film were prepared by electrophoretic co-deposition from organic suspension on a stainless steel substrate. In this study, MWCNTs was incorporated to the coating because of their long structure and their capability to be functionalized by different inorganic groups on the surface. FTIR spectroscopy showed the existence of carboxylic groups on the modified carbon nanotubes surface. The effect of applied electrical fields, deposition time and concentration of nanoparticulates on coatings morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that combination of MWCNTs within TiO2 matrix eliminating micro cracks presented on TiO2 coating. Also, by increasing the deposition voltages, micro cracks were increased. SEM observation of the coatings revealed that TiO2/multi-walled carbon nanotubes coatings produced from optimized electric field was uniform and had good adhesive to the substrate.
S. Borji, K. Zangeneh-Madar, M. Ahangarkani, Z. Valefi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
In this paper the feasibility of fabricating controlled porous skeleton of pure tungsten at low temperature by addition of submicron particles to tungsten powder (surface activated sintering) has been studied and the best parameters for subsequent infiltration of Cu were acquired. The effects of addition of submicron particles and sintering temperature on porous as well as infiltrated samples were studied. The samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers hardness measurements and tensile test. The composites made have been investigated and revealed the making W-Cu composite with good density, penetrability, hardness and microstructure. Consequently, the sintering temperature was reduced considerably (Ts≤1650oC) and a homogeneous porous tungsten was obtained. Also, composite prepared by this method exhibited elongation about 28% that is much more than conventional W-15%wt Cu composites. This method of production for W–Cu composites has not been reported elsewhere
V. Lykhoshva, A. Tymoshenko, L. Mosentsova, V. Savin, D. Schitz,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
This article studies the particle temperature distribution depending on the laser radiation power and the particle’s trajectory and velocity. The uneven heating of particles moving in the laser radiation field is identified. The regimes of laser heating without melting, with partial melting, and with complete particle melting are considered.
R. Ubaid, S. Saroj Kumar, S. Hemalatha,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Drug resistant pathogenic microbes have been causing serious health issues resulting in the substantial increase of death rates and morbidity paving the way for nanoparticles to be utilized as antimicrobial agents. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of CuNPs on the growth of drug resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Minimum inhibitory concentration of CuNPs against Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis was found to be 1.25. 1.25 and 0.625 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration against the same isolates was found to be 2.5, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml respectively. The ratio of MBC/MIC, referred to as tolerance level, was calculated for all the isolates which signifies the bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect of any antimicrobial agent. For Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecium, the tolerance level was 2 while as for Enterococcus faecalis, it was 8. Antibiotic susceptibility results were calculated which showed that the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (10 µg), Amoxycillin (30 µg) and Aztreonam (30 µg). Susceptibility results were followed by calculating multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI). MARI is an important tool which gives an idea about the bacterial resistance in a given population. For all the three isolates, MARI results were equivalent to 1 because of their resistance towards all the three antibiotics used. Antimicrobial activity through well-plate method was carried out and inhibitory effect of CuNPs on biofilm formation was evaluated.
A. Khalili, M. Mojtahedi, M. Goodarzi, M. J. Torkamani,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this work was to synthesize TiC reinforced coating on carbon steel via reduction of ilmenite powder. A mixture of ilmenite and graphite was pre-placed on AISI 1020 steel surface. The effect of the addition of excess graphite amounts on the progress of synthesis of carbide particles was studied. The evolution of phases in different coatings was analysed via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Then again, the initial powder mixtures were mechanically activated for various durations, to accelerate the reactions in transient melt pool. Finally, the Fe-TiC hard coating was successfully synthesized by carbothermic reduction of ilmenite through laser surface treatment. Moreover, it is proved that combination of mechanical activation with additive laser melting effectively improves the level of ilmenite reduction, besides enhancing the distribution of hard particles and the hardness of the coatings to more than 1300 HV.
A. Thakur, G. Reddy,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (9-2020)
Abstract
Mercury, one of the common pollutants in water, is known to affect human health adversely upon exposure. It is released in water not only by various natural processes but also by human activities. Methods developed so far for the detection of mercuric ions in water have limitations like sensitivity range, complex setup, skillful operation etc. Silver nanoparticles, due to unique properties, have been explored by researchers to develop better detection systems. Stable silver nanoparticles can be easily synthesized by methods of green chemistry, its reaction with mercuric ion can be easily observed by changes in color and UV-Vis spectra. The absorbance data from UV-Vis spectra can also be used in quantifying mercury concentration. In this paper, stable silver nanoparticles synthesized using silver nitrate as precursor, sodium lignosulphonate (LS) as reducing and stabilizing agent under microwave radiation are explored for detection of mercuric ions in water. Formation of AgNP was confirmed by UV-Vis band at 403.5nm. The intensity of this band showed a proportional decrease with increasing Hg+2 concentration. Hg+2 ions were detected by a distinct color change at higher concentration of Hg+2 also. The limit of detection (LOD) calculated from the observed absorbance data to be 0.7 ppm.
N. Akhlaghi, G. Najafpour, M. Mohammadi,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Modification of MnFe2O4@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) was investigated. The magnetite MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with an average size of ~33 nm were synthesized through a simple co-precipitation method followed by coating with silica shell using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS); that has resulted in a high density of hydroxyl groups loaded on nanoparticles. The prepared MnFe2O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were further functionalized with APTES via silanization reaction. For having suitable surface coverage of APTES, controlled hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles with a high density of amine groups on the outer surface, the APTES silanization reaction was investigated under different reaction temperatures and reaction times. Based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential results, the best conditions for the formation of APTES-functionalized MnFe2O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were defined at a reaction temperature of 70 °C and the reaction time of 90 min. The effectiveness of our surface modification was established by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The prepared magnetite nanostructure can be utilized as precursors for synthesizing multilayered core-shell nanocomposite particles for numerous applications such as medical diagnostics, drug, and enzyme immobilization, as well as molecular and cell separation.
